Back to Bedside Project Summaries

The Arts and Medicine Track is a two-year curriculum developed for internal medicine residents focused on allowing residents to explore the relationship between arts and medicine and obtain new knowledge and skills in a low-stakes environment. This occurs through interactive arts-based didactic sessions and patient-centered sessions creating art. The three main goals of the track include: 1) learn skills to enhance the patient-physician relationship, including but not limited to communication, observation, evaluation of implicit biases, drawing, and mindfulness; 2) create time to interact with patients on a humanistic level; and 3) decrease burnout and improve wellness.

Champaign County is home to one of the largest immigrant populations in Illinois outside of the Chicagoland area. In 2016, about one in 10 Champaign County residents was an immigrant, with individuals joining the community from more than 76 countries around the world. With the growing diversity in the community and across area residency programs, it is important for residents to recognize their own cultural biases and learn to identify cultural factors that can affect their patients’ health and access to health care. Thus began the idea of a project titled We CARE: Cultural Awareness in Residents’ Education, a resident-driven, patient-centric project by the resident physicians at Carle Health that seeks to improve cultural awareness amongst its practitioners by connecting with patients at a socio-cultural level. The concept for innovation is to implement a new ‘socio-cultural history’ questionnaire in the Internal Medicine Residency Program outpatient clinic that explores beyond the social habits (e.g., alcohol, tobacco, drug use) and identifies the patient’s social stressors, cultural background, language, health beliefs, and more. Furthermore, using resident-led cultural competency workshops, this project seeks to improve physician interviewing skills (e.g., non-verbal cues, appropriate language, motivational interviewing skills) and minimize inherent sociocultural biases. The long-term goal is to educate physicians to provide a well-meaning relationship with their patients that builds trust, engages both physician and patient in shared decision-making that improves compliance, and ensures continuity in health care in the outpatient setting. 

Music therapy is an affordable and widely accessible intervention aimed at stress and pain reduction. Although this intervention has classically been employed for the benefit of the patient, there is evidence in support of its positive effects on health care workers as well. This project aims to study proprietary shared music experiences as an intervention in neurosurgical bedside procedures to assess how shared music affects resident stress, fosters patient-practitioner trust, and improves the experience of patients undergoing neurosurgical bedside procedures.

This project focuses on improving resident well-being by providing training to help facilitate conducting end-of-life and goals-of-care discussions, in both inpatient and clinic settings. The project also aims to increase the proportion of resident clinic patients who have advanced directives on file, with a focus on patient education, understanding, and autonomy. The overall goal is to decrease resident burnout by having improved rapport with patients and more proactive decision making.

MYST introduces patients to their medical team and the different positions within the team. This project will develop an interactive website where patients can learn about the surgical education and training process and the individual roles of physician learners at different levels. The project hopes to improve patient satisfaction and raise awareness about who residents are and what their responsibilities are on the medical team. Ultimately, the goal is to create an online platform that can be generalized to all specialties and easily reproduced.

Lung cancer is one of the most lethal and common cancers in the US with over 150,000 deaths each year. Surgical resection of the tumor often varies based on the stage and location of the tumor. Despite generic 2-D diagrams and printed educational handouts, describing lung cancer surgery to patients remains a challenge. This project involves creating customized 3-D printed models of a patient’s lung anatomy and tumor to assist in pre-operative discussion, patient education, facilitating informed consent, and enriching the patient's peri-operative experience.

As the medical conditions of patients become increasingly complex and marginalized groups continue to have difficulties accessing medical care, alternative models of care delivery may offer innovative steps to equitable health care. This project uses primary care home visits to meet the needs of patients living at the intersection of medical complexity and social marginalization. The project is developing a home visit referral system, initiating a multimodal resident curriculum, standardizing the home visit process, and incorporating interdisciplinary collaboration using iPads. The goal is to improve the home visit experience for both practitioners and patients while strengthening therapeutic relationships and equitable health care delivery.

Pediatrics residents at Mount Sinai Hospital care for a large Spanish-speaking patient population that relies on interpreters or Spanish-speaking practitioners to access care. To improve communication with patients and build a community of language learners, a multimodal medical Spanish course for residents was launched in 2022. They hosted weekly virtual Spanish classes at the beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels, held an in-person outing, and plan to launch a peer tutor mentorship program to accelerate language acquisition and foster a deeper sense of community among learners.

The purpose of the “Whole Person Care” intervention is to leverage the electronic health record to help physicians better connect with patients and tailor plans to individual patient goals. The project hopes to achieve this by creating a Smartphrase that will be incorporated into the assessment and plan portion of resident primary care clinic notes that include patients' values, goals, and determinants of health. The vision is to create a more meaningful and effective relationship and treatment plan rooted in each patient’s values, goals, and determinants of health to ultimately enhance patient and physician fulfillment.

A Just Start is an obstetric medical-legal partnership designed to empower residents to address their pregnant patients’ health-harming legal needs. Phase One involves conducting a qualitative needs assessment of the health-harming legal needs that impact pregnant patients through one-on-one semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Phase Two will entail collaborating with Chicago Legal Aid to design and train residents in an obstetric medicolegal partnership inspired by patient voices.

The Appy Buddy Pillow program provides incentive for pediatric surgical patients with complex appendicitis to ambulate early in their post-operative course. This project is designed to motivate patients and foster relationships between residents/fellows and their patients. Patients are surveyed to assess their experience with the program and outcomes are tracked among a larger quality improvement project aiming to decrease adverse events in patients with complex appendicitis.

Burnout is a well-known and extensively studied phenomenon in the medical workplace, with residents and fellows especially susceptible. In addition, residents and fellows rotating through the intensive care unit are in particular at risk due to the clinical demands, complex physiology and high acuity of patients, and degree of death and dying they may see. This project aimed to engage residents within pediatric critical care medicine; empower them with caring for complex children; and reduce burnout associated with the rotation by providing protected time to enhance the humanistic connection, and teaching coping strategies to be used within the workplace. “Social rounds” were implemented, wherein, after formal family-centered rounds, the teams rounded on a different patient and family, learning about them from a non-medical perspective. Additionally, a resident resiliency curriculum was established, focusing on skills-building sessions, and including guides on grief, communication, emotions, active listening, and medical ethics.

This project will encourage meaningful patient care moments by establishing a dermatopathology education clinic via a community based-partnership program that will provide patients and community members with pathology report education. The goal is that this will serve to improve patient and community health literacy and increase pathology residents’ exposure to the positive outcome of their work.

This Back to Bedside project seeks to improve the wellness of physician learners on the gynecologic-oncology service, by returning them to their patients’ bedsides to engage in meaningful activities and develop connections that go “Beyond Rounds.” Each week, the team identifies a patient they think would benefit from engaging in a meaningful activity, and a resident to pair with the patient. If the patient elects to participate, the patient and resident select a meaningful activity together. Examples include manicures, puzzles, painting, coffee in the courtyard, looking at family photos, chatting one-on-one, etc. Residents are guaranteed 60 minutes of protected time during normal work hours to spend at the bedside for this activity. Outcomes were measured using the Physician Fulfillment Index, which measures both professional fulfillment and burnout, and there was a statistically significant increase in fulfillment and decrease in burnout following the activity. The project has also led to other meaningful connections, with residents describing their experiences as humbling, healing, gratifying, and most importantly, fun. The causes of burnout are complex and multifactorial, but helping physicians find wellness in their work is essential to combating it.

Recurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) commonly occurs soon after an initial cerebral ischemic event, potentially leading to significant disability or death. Often the etiology of stroke is determined to be a modifiable risk factor (such as smoking) which can be mitigated by a change in a patient’s behavior. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based style of communication that collaboratively elicits a person’s own internal motivations for behavior change, rather than attempting to impose change through authoritative discourse. This study aims to determine the effect of MI-consistent counseling performed by neurology residents for adults who have experienced an acute stroke or TIA attributable to smoking, based on (1) patient outcomes and (2) meaningfulness of work and sense of fulfillment for residents.

Weight bias is prevalent in society – even in the exam room. Numerous studies have shown the negative impact of weight bias on patient health outcomes. Every Body, Every Time is a project with a twofold aim: to explore weight bias and to arm primary care physicians with knowledge and skills in weight management. This initiative fosters discussions on weight bias during resident didactic time to help family medicine residents identify implicit bias. Within these discussions residents are given educational materials on weight management, conversation guides, and clinical aids. The ultimate goal is to educate and train future primary care physicians to provide patient-centered care in weight management and obesity care in an effort to combat weight bias. 

This study aims to re-engage residents in direct patient care by addressing communication barriers, promoting greater inclusivity in elderly patient care, and enhancing the quality of resident-patient interactions. This will be achieved by introducing and providing each resident with a readily available, cost-effective solution – the Super Ear – which functions as a sound amplifier and can be used on an as-needed basis, much like a stethoscope. The primary goal is to assess how residents perceive their communication experiences with patients both before and after incorporating the regular use of Super Ear into their practice. Additionally, the study seeks to encourage the widespread adoption of Super Ear among other health care professionals within the hospital. Ultimately, the aim is to enhance patients’ satisfaction with their hospital encounters.

With the demands of busy clinical practice and academic responsibilities, dermatology residents too often do not have time to fully listen to, understand, and reflect upon their patients’ medical journeys. This narrative medicine curriculum was developed and implemented for dermatology residents at the University of Washington. Residents participate in quarterly sessions during which patients with specific shared experiences (e.g., patients with variations of skin pigmentation, hidradenitis suppurativa) are invited to speak. Following a conversation with the patients, residents read relevant poetry, short stories, or excerpts of literature and respond to writing prompts in a journal entry reflecting on the patient session and related experiences. This is followed by discussion of the patient session and reading and writing exercise among the resident group. At the beginning, mid-point, and end of the two-year study period, resident burnout and bias are assessed through the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Harvard Implicit Association Tests, surveys, and qualitative analysis of writing samples.

The need to communicate effectively with multiple team members from different teams can sometimes infringe on valuable time a resident can devote to interpersonal communication with patients. To address this concern, a tri-weekly rounding schedule will be implemented with all members of the interdisciplinary team to meet at the bedside, share care plans, and involve patients and their families in the decision-making process. This patient-centered care approach will improve the personability of patient interactions and increase the amount of time residents spend at the bedside. By implementing structured, interdisciplinary bedside rounds, the team believes it can foster meaning in work and get residents Back to Bedside.

Residents caring for patients in the hospital don’t always see those patients again, or at least not for a long time. That means there is little continuity of care for both the patients and the residents. At the University of Vermont Medical Center, family medicine residents are changing that through a Back to Bedside project.

Now, when family medicine residents are ready to discharge a patient they’ve been caring for in the hospital, they direct that person to the continuity hospital discharge clinic for follow-up care, ideally within seven to 14 days. The resident who’s been caring for a patient will also see them at the clinic to make sure everything is okay.

The initiative is helping to improve resident well-being by enabling residents to keep track of patients for whom they provided care, and to feel better knowing the patient truly has recovered. In terms of patient care and satisfaction, it makes a difference when the resident knows all the nuances of what went on in the hospital and can call on a pharmacist, social worker, or other professional to ease the patient’s transition to full recovery.

“This gives us an opportunity to make sure the discharge plan we created is working and also catch things the patient might not understand,” said Justin Chuang, MD. “Residents also get a chance to interact with patients when they’re starting to feel better and more like themselves.”

The continuity discharge clinic keeps appointment times open for recently discharged patients, which is really important if a patient doesn’t understand his discharge instructions or medications. Those issues can’t wait the four weeks it might normally take to get a follow-up appointment.

With positive results from residents, patients, and the discharge clinic, the initiative may expand to other family medicine practice sites in the area.

Cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (C-POCUS) exams are usually performed by cardiac fellows. At Parkland Health & Hospitals, the primary teaching facility for the University of Texas Southwestern, internal medicine residents will now have the chance to perform these exams as well.

In this Back to Bedside project, a 30-minute didactic presentation help explain C-POCUS operation, cardiac landmarks, and image interpretation to residents. Those sessions are followed by hands-on, bedside training, with either a volunteer patient or fellow resident, so they know how to hold and use the probe, listen to the heart, and capture images.

In small studies, data have shown that teaching C-POCUS use to residents, medical students, and even practitioners already out in practice is feasible. And anecdotally, it seems that patients appreciate having the physician from their team at the bedside perform the exam and explain what is happening.

“If we look at the goal of improving resident well-being, learning how to perform C-POCUS ties right in,” said Kershaw Patel, MD. “Residents are not only learning a new skill that augments the physical exam, they are also at the patient’s bedside and interacting with them.”

The big picture goal for this project is to implement a large-scale C-POCUS program at Parkland with a randomized trial to study residents who have access to this strategy versus those who do not. Follow-up surveys will highlight whether performing C-POCUS has an impact on resident satisfaction and well-being.

Having C-POCUS performed will benefit patients, medical staff members, and the hospital because the cardiac imaging will be captured and saved in the medical record and interpreted by an attending cardiologist, thereby providing a more complete physical assessment of the patient.

Technology is part of modern medicine, but the Back to Bedside project at the University of Minnesota was developed to make it more useful, particularly for psychiatry residents.

The team looked for ways to adapt their current Epic electronic medical record with a toolkit so that clinic visits could go faster, with fewer interruptions to search for information or ask the supervisor questions. By tweaking the database, the team wanted to help residents work smarter and better, worry less about note-taking, and increase meaningful face time with patients.

Among the changes the team made were to incorporate more sources of information and search phrases on medications, including what the medication is used for, potential side effects, how to start it, what to tell the patient, and what lab tests are necessary and when. There are also recommendations for management of certain conditions and patient education and instructions, which can be imported for the After Visit Summary.

Diagnostic interview approaches in the toolkit for specific psychiatric conditions also help save time for residents and guide their patient interactions. And templates for letters to write for different scenarios, such as, for example, when a patient needs a therapy animal or time off work, provide residents with helpful shortcuts.

“This toolkit is introduced in the third year of psychiatry residency when residents do clinic full time,” said Carly Dirlam, MD. “That’s a big transition for residents.”

To help residents get used to the toolkit and its advantages, the team has made presentations to first- and second-year residents to show how useful it can be when dealing with patients.

The toolkit is proving to be a useful expansion of what is traditionally found on the Epic electronic medical record and the school periodically reviews the sources of information and tools to keep it current and timely.

Sometimes it is hard for residents to find meaning and joy in patient interactions when there are so many demands outside of direct patient care. The Back to Bedside project in the University of Massachusetts Medical School’s Pediatric Department was designed to change that.

The goal of the project is two-fold: to promote mindfulness so everyone can be more present during patient encounters; and to identify ways to improve rounding efficiency and allow more time with patients.

“Being present for the moments when we’re directly interacting with patients allows us to be present for the moments of meaning that already exist in our day,” said Emily Levoy, MD.

To teach mindfulness, the leaders held a three-hour workshop during protected teaching time. Interns and senior residents learned what mindfulness is and practiced both mindfulness and mindful communication. With the skills they learned, residents were able to understand how to implement mindful rounding on the floors.

Daily activity cards describing that day’s focus help pediatric residents concentrate on mindful rounding and re-centering themselves between patient encounters. The cards are printed on sticky notes that residents can put on their rolling computer workstations. Examples of such daily activities include focusing on the sensations while washing hands between patient rooms, or taking three deep breaths before entering a patient’s room.

Residents get a new card each day, and if they complete the activity they turn it in with feedback. The project leaders have found that even if residents were somewhat resistant at first, most of them found at least one activity that resonated with them and that they would consider doing on their own.

As the initiative continues, the team plans to make it more sustainable for the pediatric floors and hopefully use it as a model for use in internal medicine and other departments.

As modern medicine has become increasingly task oriented, the physician-patient relationship often gets pushed into the background. To change that dynamic and return joy and meaning to residents’ daily work, the team at the University of Maryland School of Medicine developed its Back to Bedside project for internal medicine residents as they spend time on the primary cardiology service.

“We wanted to find a way for residents to spend more time at the bedside and improve their connection with patients,” said Ahmed Khan, MD. “This project is designed to decrease burnout and reinvigorate residents and fellows.”

This initiative has three components. The first is Inspire, in which a recognized speaker will talk to fellows and residents about the importance of bedside medicine during departmental grand rounds.

The Mentor part of the project is its core. After morning rounds and duties are finished, a designated cardiology fellow will conduct a half-hour interactive teaching session in a patient’s room in the critical care unit. The fellow uses a white board in the patient’s room to teach pre-selected topics to residents and review physiology and that patient’s echocardiography and symptoms. Not only are residents being educated, the patient is invited to ask questions and learn more about his or her illness.

Installing white boards in patient rooms also gives patients and their families a chance to write down their questions and concerns, which the medical team can answer on morning rounds or during the teaching session. Having patients involved in the educational component of the project and interacting more with their medical team is hoped to also improve satisfaction with their care.

The Recognize part of the project acknowledges the extra time fellows are spending to prepare and conduct these teaching sessions. Their participation is rewarded with a choice of home services, such as Blue Apron meal delivery or maid service, to acknowledge the value of what they’re doing to help train residents and improve their well-being.

In the Back to Bedside project in the Otolaryngology Department at the University of Colorado, residents are engaged in monthly patient education efforts with a goal of increasing patient education both in person and online.

The team publicizes the monthly lecture series through flyers posted in the hospital clinic, as well at the county, VA, and children’s hospitals. The team developed a list of topics in a curriculum to address a range of ENT issues. If residents are receiving a lot of calls about one type of concern, such as sinus infections, that topic might be added to the list. The curriculum is designed to cover general ENT issues of interest and to address common themes and misconceptions.

The resident-delivered lectures are held monthly and run for approximately 45 minutes. As one resident is speaking, another videotapes the lecture and conducts patient surveys on the value of the program, feedback for the resident lecturer, and suggestions for future topics. Following the lecture, the video is posted on the department’s website as a resource for wider viewing.

For residents, participation in delivering lectures or helping with the educational sessions is voluntary, but the team created an incentive: anyone participating in extracurricular activities like these banks “time” and earns credits for the additional work. Credits can then be redeemed for anything from an Amazon gift card to maid service or food delivery. That way, time spent on a scholarly activity gets compensated with rewards that the resident needs and wants.

“We hope that the interaction with patients during the teaching experience, in combination with the time-banking rewards, will help decrease resident burnout and improve workplace satisfaction,” said Emily Ambrose, MD.

A patient goes to the Emergency Department and waits. He tells his story in Triage, then to a nurse, then to a resident, and maybe even another time or two. That’s a lot of waiting and repetition. Unless that patient is visiting UCLA’s Ronald Reagan Medical Center Emergency Department, where a Back to Bedside project is underway.

The project team created the Upfront Comprehensive Medical Evaluation (UCME) to deliver high quality care to patients more efficiently, with fewer repetitions of the story.

With UCME, everyone sees the patient at the very first encounter – nurse, resident, and attending physician – so everyone gets the same information at the same time.

“The advantage for residents is that they don’t have to rehash information for the attending,” said Kyle Ragins, MD. “Now residents are with the attending at the bedside, dealing with them directly and gaining feedback on how the history is taken and how the exam is performed.” This new workflow in the department means residents have more educational opportunities because discussions with attending physicians are much more substantive and focused on specific patient management.

In the ideal scenario, ED patients are seen by the medical team in a triage room and are either assigned to a room, sent back to the Waiting Room to await tests, or admitted to the hospital. When space is limited, sometimes the UCME workflow has to be adjusted, but the foundational elements of the project—everyone seeing the patient together and the first person the patient sees in the ED is a physician—is consistent.

Residents participating in UCME are gaining valuable learning experiences by working more closely with their attending physicians, and getting feedback in real time. That extra education pays off in a more meaningful work experience.

Seeing patients as real people with real lives is a key ingredient in returning the joy and meaning to residents’ work. The Back to Bedside project at the University of California San Diego Medical Center is exploring the use of patient photos as a communication tool to help residents interact with patients on a more personal level.

In this project, patients are asked to bring in an eight by 10 photo of themselves to post above their beds. With a large photo above the bed, the idea is that residents will get a better idea of how that patient sees him/herself and what he/she wants to communicate about him/herself.

Patients have said they like having the photos on the wall and the longer interactions with the medical team the photos can trigger. Providers sometimes pull up a chair and talk to the patient about the photo or its context, which helps the patient feel and be heard.

“The goal is to make this the new standard of care in the palliative care unit, two ICUs, and in one of the medical/surgical units,” said Ali Mendelson, MD. “We believe that getting to know what’s important to our patients will help us make our care fit their goals.”

Part of this Back to Bedside project is studying the effect on resident burnout and whether the photos influence physician-patient interactions. Another part is analyzing the photos the patients choose and why they chose them, so patients will be surveyed about their photo choices, what they wanted to communicate with their photo, and how having the photo above the bed impacted their interactions with the medical team.

Working in a small hospital in an underserved community can be stressful for family medicine residents, especially when they work in both inpatient and outpatient settings. So, during one of the monthly didactic sessions at Scripps Mercy Hospital in Chula Vista, the Back to Bedside team brainstormed with residents on what makes clinic joyful for them and what makes it stressful.

The team developed a curriculum with eight different lessons to address common stressors. For example, residents noted it was often difficult to manage patients who were very talkative and had many health issues, as they found they were not left with enough time to effectively cover all their concerns. Each resident-led session includes a discussion of tools to help residents deal with what is causing stress in the clinic—in this case, learning how to set an agenda in the room with the patient and using the “what else” technique (i.e., “what else do you want to talk about?”). Following the discussion, residents role-play as doctor and patient to practice the strategies.

While paperwork is an ongoing stress source the team recognizes may not be reducible, they can change their approach to it and have trained residents to work with staff members more efficiently and to understand when and what to delegate.

On the inpatient side, the Back to Bedside team launched bedside rounding for certain patients to help reduce paperwork. While the hospital still uses paper charts, bedside rounding is helping to eliminate some of the extra steps and time while increasing residents’ face time with patients and their families.

“Bedside rounding is a big skill to teach, but we’ve found it was a little less overwhelming to make the change if we just started with new patients and discharge patients,” said Usha Rao, MD. “The goal is to eventually expand bedside rounding to all patients.”

Surveys are being conducted to measure the results of these interventions, but anecdotally, the feedback so far is very positive.

For busy residents, lunch can often be less about eating than a chance to catch up on leftover morning duties. But the Back to Bedside project at Rush Rehabilitation, a private rehab center at New York University Langone Health, has changed that for residents.

Once a week, Rush rehab residents choose one patient to have lunch with and give their pagers to a senior resident, letting them know of anything urgent to be expected or if there are test results or call backs requiring follow up. Turning over their pagers temporarily removes the junior residents from clinical duties so they can then have an hour for lunch without having the pager going off constantly.

“The goal is to pull residents away from the computers because we spend the majority of our time checking computers, calling consultants, talking to families—and not enough time at the patient’s bedside,” said Surein Theivakumar, DO. “This protected time allows residents to build a personal rapport with patients.”

The project team moved the scheduled lunch out of the patient’s room to a bigger room where both patient and resident can sit at a table in a more social setting and talk about anything they want. Another change made after the resident-patient lunch program began was to inform everyone during morning huddles about the lunch so the staff and nursing could make sure the patient was ready and in the conference room on time.

Prior to beginning, residents were assessed in terms of burnout and overall well-being. After a three-month pilot, a full year of resident-patient lunches is now underway. Initial feedback from residents is that having protected time to interact with patients one-on-one is helping with physician burnout and giving them an overall positive experience.

The I-Pass hand-off tool is already used for provider-to-provider patient hand-offs at the University of Washington Medical Center. But in an effort to improve communication and teamwork among general surgery night float residents and nurses on acute care surgical floors, the Back to Bedside team there designed an evening bedside huddle initiative.

The night float surgery resident now goes to the nursing stations on floors where most of the acute care surgery patients are located, meets with the charge nurse and any bedside nurses that are available, and discusses the patients labelled as either unstable or needing more observation or acute intervention. The discussion includes both the patient’s current status and their plan. Then the resident/nurse team visits the beside of patients who need an evaluation.

“By improving interdisciplinary teamwork with these regular evening huddles, the goal is to improve both the work environment and patient care,” explained Kathryn Stadeli, MD.

Previously, surgical float residents and nurses were frustrated with poor communication during the evening shift, with both sides feeling like they didn’t have the same information or weren’t on the same page. But by creating this standardized time for provider-nurse communication, the working environment and patient care could be improved.

What started as a two-month pilot on one floor to see how the huddles worked expanded in early winter to two additional surgical floors and is now on track to expand to the final acute care surgical floor. The program has also launched at the area’s county trauma hospital.

Surveys before and after the evening huddles began have shown that both nurses and residents feel communication and teamwork have improved. Some residents noted an improved relationship with evening shift nurses, as well as a decrease in the number of pages they receive, which helps improve their workflow overnight. The annual ACGME Resident Survey questions measuring impact on resident burnout will be analyzed after the sample is large enough.

In the hospital, patients are often faced with a sea of white coats that can obscure the humans wearing them. And for residents, making meaningful personal connections with patients is tough. The ACGME Back to Bedside project at the University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers was designed to address these issues.

Developed by and for residents in the Otolaryngology Department, the program includes components at the bedside and away from it. At the bedside, each resident hands out a “trading card” with his or her name and photo on one side, and information about his or her role in treatment, personal history, education, and hobbies on the other. The cards help patients learn more about the residents caring for them, provide a window into the resident’s humanity, and start conversations through the exchange of personal information. Patients seem to like the cards and many collect them like baseball cards.

Away from the bedside, the wellness program includes a post-rotation get together where residents talk about their experiences—both positive and negative—outside of the immediacy of care. This provides an opportunity for a debriefing on patient care, as well as a time for closing and reflecting on residents’ experiences in a rotation.

The goal is to positively affect both residents and patients. The at-the-bedside cards and away-from-the-bedside discussions humanize residents and increase the joy and meaning in their work. At the same time, the program helps patients have a more positive experience in the hospital and improve their opinions of doctors and medical training.

“Burnout is so prevalent in our training and I am fairly confident that 100 percent of our residents experience it during our program,” said Jenna Devare, MD. “I’m hoping that we can bring humanity back to our patients and to ourselves, thereby increasing joy and meaning in our work.”

For busy, stressed residents and interns, being able to carve out time to spend with a patient seems like an impossibility. But at Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, it’s not only possible but happening, thanks to Back to Bedside.

The project was designed to let members of the ward team take turns each week forwarding their phones to senior residents and not worrying about calls or putting in orders or writing notes. Being able to step away from clinical duties allows the team members to spend time playing with their patients and getting to know them on a deeper level.

One participant said of the opportunity to be that individual who steps away from clinical responsibilities, “This was one of the best days I’ve had.”

Incorporating this program into the hospital’s usual routine forced a bit of a culture shift. The project team needed to make everyone aware that it was a priority, and the ward team members had to help each other get through the day’s tasks so one person could step away. Discussions during pre-rounding have helped the team determine the day’s situation and whether they can get someone back to a patient’s bedside.

This effort to get physicians and patients to see—and understand—each other on a personal level has been in place for nearly a year. Additional plans are also being launched, including letting patients personalize and decorate their rooms with posters, and having the provider team hand out cards with their photos and roles.

“We have to be flexible, because taking good medical care of the children comes first,” said Nicole Nghiem, MD. “But having an opportunity for residents to get away and spend more time with their patients has been very rewarding for them.”

Rounding is a staple of medical education, yet the experience can vary in terms of its benefit to residents. After receiving input from a 50-person group, the ACGME Back to Bedside team at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) looked for ways to make their daily activities more meaningful and bring joy back to their daily tasks. The team’s target was rounding, and they took a quality improvement approach to making changes.

“Primarily rounds take place in the hallway outside the patient’s room. In our initiative, at the beginning of rounds the senior resident, sometimes in conjunction with interns, chooses a patient for a bedside exam,” said Melissa Argraves, MD. “We try to do at least one bedside exam on rounds each day with the whole team.”

The goal is to improve the educational experience for residents, and the team has used the Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) quality improvement approach to address not only rounding, but also other areas of educating residents. To increase residents’ time at the bedside, the CHOP team wants residents to take a turn rounding with the attending so they can see some patients one on one and gain insight into how the attending handles both the exam and patient communication.

As the team followed the PDSA approach and analyzed early feedback, one adjustment was already made: having residents complete weekly surveys, instead of daily. With additional data, the team will be able to make improvements to the initiative and determine whether and when to expand to other units.

The patient codes. Now what? Knowing what interventions the patient needs is the easy part. Knowing what interventions the patient actually wants should be just as easy.

Vascular surgery residents at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) launched an ACGME Back to Bedside project to make sure they have those answers.

They are being trained to have code status and end-of-life discussions the first time they sees a patient. “The goal is to make these conversations as routine as finding out what a patient’s allergies are,” said Jason Wagner, MD. “The training is not just ‘how to have the discussion’ but also demystifying and destigmatizing it.”

Training begins with surveys to find out residents’ thoughts on code status discussions and concerns about having them, followed by defining the problems and issues with code status and levels of interventions. Residents talk about various scenarios they might encounter with patients when explaining interventions and code status, as well as how to defuse tough family situations.

Residents role play patient/physician conversations in small groups with a facilitator to simulate the interaction and gain experience in helping patients come to terms with these issues. Residents also practice explaining what could happen in terms of interventions and helping patients arrive at decisions about what they want.

Additional training includes documenting the discussion in the electronic health record so the patient’s preferences can be available to everyone in case there is a code.

Code status documentation rate is reviewed every month, with the eventual goal of having 100 percent documentation. To date, code status conversations with patients are increasing as the entire Vascular Surgery Department at UPMC has been trained, as have everyone in the Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Departments. Now everyone who practices in the school’s Cardiovascular Institute goes through training during initial orientation. And many residents and advanced practice providers have begun documenting code status discussions in clinic, not just when the patient arrives in the hospital.

“Protected time” during medical conferences is so valuable for residents, boosting learning opportunities without the distractions of pages and clinical duties. At Oregon Health and Sciences University (OHSU), general surgery residents have a new element added to their medical conferences: hearing patients share their experiences.

The goals are to build a stronger relationship between patients and residents as part of the ACGME Back to Bedside initiative, and to help residents feel more comfortable counseling and consenting patients. The first patient-centered conferences have focused on anatomy-altering surgeries, such as ostomies, so residents can gain a greater understanding of the whole process from the patient’s point of view.

Following a shortened didactic portion of the conference, an invited patient shares his or her perspective about everything from what information they received prior to surgery, whether it was helpful, and what the consent process was like. Patients also give residents insight into what life is like after surgery.

“It’s pretty informal. We set it up so patients can tell their story and then we ask specific questions,” said Heather Hoops, MD. “Having the message delivered from patients and families that have gone through it has been pretty powerful. It really sticks with you.”

Faculty members and even residents have helped in recruiting patients or suggesting someone who might be able to contribute to the conference. Another resource is patients who have already agreed to serve as peer-to-peer counselors.

OHSU has a two-year curriculum of these patient-centered didactic resident conferences planned, with four each in the spring and fall. Pre- and post-conference surveys will provide data about residents’ comfort level when counseling patients, but to date the team leaders have reported interest and active engagement by residents in questioning patients.

Conferences after the first year will branch out beyond general surgery patients and may expand to other departments or divisions.

At the San Antonio Military Medical Center, a teaching affiliate of the University of Texas Health Science Center School of Medicine at San Antonio, many patients are younger and healthier, with fewer cognitive issues and less dementia than civilian patients in other facilities. Their in-patient stays may also last longer than in civilian hospitals. That provides an opportunity to expose psychiatry residents to conducting psychotherapy sessions earlier in their education.

“A lot of these young patients in the military are dealing with stage-of-life issues and existential crises,” said Morgan Hardy, MD. “That means we can begin training our interns and residents how to help patients using cognitive behavioral therapy and other therapeutic techniques to improve their sense of self, their relationships, and their sense of the world.”

With a broader social focus on preventing suicides in the military, this ACGME Back to Bedside program is very timely and helpful to both residents and patients. The therapy itself is not novel, but incorporating opportunities for it into the work day is. There is more of an emphasis on therapy so residents have longer interactions with patients and spend more time getting to know them. So over time residents are better able to gauge improvements. The goal is not only to help patients, but also create a more positive learning environment for residents.

The program started with a survey to assess residents’ outlook on and satisfaction with their work. Initially, lecture time on therapy increased, but that was reduced when feedback indicated the extra time was adding to stress. Now more time has been built into the work day for therapy with patients. Following lectures on psychotherapy, residents each pick one patient for weekly therapy sessions.

While initial results for reducing resident stress and burnout appear positive, final data will reveal actual results at the end of a year. Patients are also reporting an appreciation for increased time with doctors and the help they provide. For a lot of patients, therapy to improve their ability to cope can be more valuable than an anti-depressant.

Documentation and communication are key to effective patient care. Finding ways to improve both has been the goal of the team at Connecticut Children’s Medical Center.

“We want to have more time to spend with our patients and their families, as well as more time for learning,” said Erin Goode, MD.

In this ACGME Back to Bedside project, one focus has been on improving hand-offs. The documentation side of hand-offs has changed to be more efficient, making pre-rounding time shorter so residents spend less time at the computer and more time at the bedside. Now all the data the residents used to document in multiple places will be entered in a single step.

Accomplishing this meant the co-leader of the team, Owen Kahn, MD, and one of the attendings traveled to Epic Systems headquarters in Wisconsin to learn how to build the system the team envisioned. Having progress notes and the hand-off both in Epic’s electronic health record has reduced the documentation burden—a change that has been rolled out for residents across the hospital, not just in pediatrics.

The team also worked with management to get rid of pagers and transition to a phone app. Without pagers, residents are now on the same communication system as nurses and the rest of the hospital, streamlining what had been an inefficient and time-consuming arrangement.

These efficiencies in documentation and communication have been developed to free up time for residents to spend with patients and return meaning to their work. Some of the program funding has been allocated for activities and projects that residents can do with patients as they gain more time at the bedside. Residents don’t usually have time to play a game or work on an art project with their pediatric patients, but the hope is they now will.

As these improvements are implemented, surveys will track how much time residents are spending with patients and the impact on their well-being.

What a difference a few feet can make. University of North Carolina (UNC) Medicine’s new patient-centered multidisciplinary rounding has moved rounding to the bedside, and patients no longer wonder what the group talking outside their door is discussing. With the launch of the ACGME Back to Bedside initiative, patients are now part of the team, along with the physician, medical students, pharmacist, and nurse.

The new strategy arose out of a desire to increase meaningful face time with patients, as well as to improve physician and patient well-being. With input from the institution’s Patient Advisory Council, the Back to Bedside team knew that patients didn’t like having people standing outside their doors talking and then entering the room to discuss what the team planned to do. “Patients didn’t feel like they were involved and felt that things were being done to them, rather than the plan being developed with them,” explained Kathryn Haroldson, MD.

Initially residents were concerned about making presentations at the patient’s bedside. But the program team created videos to address different scenarios, including differences of opinion or mistakes, involving the patient in the discussion, and handing out Face Sheets with team members’ photos, names, roles, anticipated rounding schedule, and an explanation of what patients can expect during rounds. The videos also demonstrate a key component of this rounding strategy: having the primary communicator sit at eye level for improved patient engagement.

Multidisciplinary bedside rounding was first tested in one medicine service, and has now expanded to all services at UNC. Patients have provided positive feedback, particularly on the Face Sheets and feeling like they are part of their own care team. Residents have found that this new rounding strategy is actually more efficient. It takes less time, which allows them more time to spend with patients or on other duties, or even to get home sooner. They also have a greater understanding of their patients as people.

The Redefining Meaning in Residency project hopes to improve resident satisfaction and burnout through consolidation of education and encouragement of resident responsibility to practice medicine and educate patients. The project will provide afternoon meetings with patients and caregivers to communicate plans and barriers, and educate patients about their disease. The idea for the project grew out of the resident team’s ongoing efforts to improve resident satisfaction and feelings of value. During electronic health record (EHR) downtimes, the residents realized it was very satisfying to talk to patients, nurses, and their colleagues.

“The idea is that establishing a meaningful relationship with the patient is critical for medical residents to develop as physicians,” explained Regina Makdissi, MD, associate director of the University of Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine internal medicine residency program.

By using close-the-loop rounds, the team hopes to educate patients about their health and improve their quality of life. The group also envisions the project expanding to include a series of patient education videos and other easy-to-digest resources to facilitate discussions between provider and patient. Ultimately, the team hopes to create an all-encompassing online resource to help educate patients.

The team members at Cohen Children’s Medical Center were inspired to create their project during the winter months of their first year of residency when they started to experience burnout.

“We wanted to do something engaging and exciting that would help us become re-energized at work,” said project co-leader Joshua Belfer, MD, something that reminded us of the reason we went into medicine: our patients.”

The team has created the Resident Trading Card Program, which features cards, similar to baseball cards, with fun pictures of each resident, as well as fun facts, such as favorite ice cream flavor, where the resident is from, and hobbies. The inpatient teams can use these cards to introduce themselves to their patients, who are given the opportunity to create their own trading cards to teach their physicians about who they are and what they like.

The team hopes that by encouraging residents to learn more about their patients outside of their medical conditions, while in turn allowing patients to learn more about them, they’ll reignite their sense of meaning in work.

When residents leave patients’ rooms laughing and smiling, re-energized and recharged, that’s an indication of joy and meaning returning to residents’ lives. An ACGME Back to Bedside project behind those good feelings is taking place at Baylor College of Medicine.

The goal of this project is to strengthen the human connections between residents and their patients through three activities. The first is creating stronger resident/patient understanding when residents see their patients as human beings. That effort is initiated when residents take a “human history” to discover who that patient is as a person, including where the patient lives, his or her occupation, the other family members, what they like to do for entertainment, and more.

Another part of the effort to increase connections and decrease resident burnout is setting aside designated, protected, pager-free time within ward blocks for each resident to visit one or two patients per week and spend 10-20 minutes at the bedside getting to know that patient. They can talk about anything they want, and the goal is to promote the human-to-human connection and get to know the patient’s story and experiences.

The residents also gather at conferences to share their stories about connecting with patients on a more human level. The team plans to compile some of the stories on video to show at grand rounds.

The team at Baylor is encouraging all residents at Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, MD Anderson, and Ben Taub Hospital to participate in the project, and currently the residents in general medicine are involved, but there are plans to expand the effort to subspecialties and possibly beyond residents.

“The residents who have done it really enjoy it,” said Brett Styskel, MD. “And a lot of the teams say the patients afterward seem much happier and more comfortable and less lonely.”